Leak Investigation
Water Testing of exterior surfaces to determine primary and secondary sources of leaks:
- • Spray Bar: Water Penetration Resistance of masonry using an exterior pressure-regulated spray rack and interior moisture detection (modified ASTM E1105).
- • Flood Test: Waterproofing Failure Detection of roofing using a containment assembly and interior moisture detection (following ASTM D5957).
- • Leakage Mapping: Water Penetration Resistance of fenestration using an exterior pressure-regulated hose and interior moisture detection (AAMA 511-08).
- • Roof Moisture Survey using Infrared Thermography and Electrical Capacitance scanning (incorporating elements of ASTM C1153).
- • Deck Contour Mapping to determine "pitch to drain" using a laser level system.
- • Withdrawal Resistance Verification of roof fasteners (ANSI/SPRI FX-1).
- (Roof cuts and gravimetric testing required for full ASTM C1153 compliance. Contour mapping requires roof cuts to reach deck. Roof repair may be required after withdrawal resistance verification testing.)
Load-Carrying Capacity Parameters of concrete slab with reinforcing bar:
- • Depth/Thickness of slab using impact-echo (ASTM C1383).
- • Compressive Strength of concrete using rebound hammer (ASTM C805).
- • Reinforcing Bar Size/Spacing/Location & Depth of Cover using covermeter (BS 1881-204).
- • Reinforcing Bar Spacing/Location using ground penetrating radar (ASTM D6432).
- • Delamination/Void Detection in concrete using rotary percussion (ASTM D4580) for near-surface voids or impact-echo (ASTM C1383) for deep voids.
- • Rebar Mapping using a covermeter or pachometer (following ASTM D7046).
- • Chloride Ion Concentration of concrete from drilling dust or core drilling (ASTM C1218).
- • Risk of Corrosion Mapping of rebar using half-cell potential (ASTM C876).
- • Carbonation Average/Peak Depth testing of concrete (as per PCA PL911).
- • Concrete Resistivity testing of concrete.
- (Drilling down to rebar is required; SUPERSTRUCTURES uses a single hole to collect laboratory samples for minimally destructive testing.)
- • Rebar/Conduit Detection using ground penetrating radar (ASTM D6432).
- • Petrographic Analysis of hardened concrete (ASTM C856, ASTM C457).
- • Acid-soluble Chlorides in mortar and concrete (ASTM C1152).
- • Identification and Quantification of salts.
Steel Frame Construction
Corrosion Investigation of corroding steel in concrete:
- • Chloride Ion Concentration from drilling dust or core drilling (ASTM C1218).
- • Risk of Corrosion Mapping using half-cell potential (ASTM C876).
- • Carbonation Average/Peak Depth testing (as per PCA PL911).
- (Drilling down to the beam is required; SUPERSTRUCTURES uses a single hole to collect laboratory samples for minimally destructive testing.)
- • Original Surface Finish Determination.
- • Chemical Spot Testing and Microscopic Techniques to diagnose deterioration of metals.
Deficiency Detection in building facades:
- • Infrared Thermography to detect patterns of differential heating, indicating potential voids or water retention (ASTM C1060).
- • Detection of Corroded Ferrous Anchors/Wall Ties using the mass magnetic probe technique (non-destructive).
- • Missing Grout Detection in CMU using ground penetrating radar (ASTM D6432).
- • Delamination/Void Detection in masonry and/or stone using impact-echo (ASTM C1383).
- • Visual Inspection of Internal Concealed Conditions using a fiber optic borescope and high intensity light source.
- • Detection of Concealed Ferrous Anchors/Wall Ties using a pachometer (following ASTM D7046).
- • Depth/Thickness of masonry and/or stone using impact-echo (ASTM C1383).
- • Hardness Characterization of mortar using rebound hammer (RILEM MS-D.7).
- • Surface Water Absorption using a "RILEM Tube" (RILEM 11.4).
- • Absorption and/or Saturation Coefficient (ASTM C67) of brick.
- • Petrographic Analysis (ASTM WK 2609) of brick and/or stone.
- • Absorption and Bulk Specific Gravity (ASTM C97) of dimension stone.
- • Water Vapor Transmission Rate (ASTM E96) of stone.
- • Identification of stone.
- • Identification and Quantification of salts.
- • Compositional Analysis (ASTM C1324) of mortar.
- • Petrographic Analysis (ASTM C1324, Section 8) of mortar.
- • Gravimetric Analysis of mortar to determine moisture content.
- • Mortar Replication and/or Sand Selection.
Deficiency Detection and Characterization of construction:
- • Infrared Thermography to detect patterns of differential heating, indicating potential voids or water retention (ASTM C1060).
- • Visual Inspection of Internal Concealed Conditions using a fiber optic borescope and high intensity light source.
- • Patch Detection using an ultraviolet lamp to create fluorescent patterns.
- • Detection of Concealed Ferrous Anchors/Wall Ties using a pachometer (following ASTM D7046).
- • Compositional Analysis of stucco and/or plaster (ASTM C1324).
- • Petrographic Analysis of stucco (ASTM C1324, Section 8).
- • Gravimetric Analysis and wet-chemical techniques of stucco to determine moisture content.
- • Stucco Replication and/or Sand Selection.
- • Characterization of plaster.
Construction Administration testing:
- • Pull-Off Strength Measurement using a portable adhesion tester (ASTM D4541).
- • Coating Thickness Measurement of coatings on ferrous and non-ferrous metals using a non-destructive gage (ASTM E376).
- • Removal Tests for paint, graffiti and coatings.
- • Specification and Monitoring of Cleaning of sample portions of the building facade in order to identify the most appropriate cleaning method consistent with minimal abrasion and environmental impact.
- • Water Vapor Transmission Rate (ASTM E96).
- • Absorption (ASTM C67) of stone.
- • Microscopic examination of painted finishes and recording and matching of all finish layers in each sample to the Munsell Color notation system and a commercial color system.
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